Calculators

Calculates the pKa value of a solution using either the Henderson-Hasselbalch equation or the acid dissociation constant (Ka).

This calculator determines the molecular SO2 content in homemade wines, helping winemakers achieve optimal wine preservation. It supports different wine types and pH levels.

This calculator helps winemakers determine the molecular SO2 content for wine stability and provides sulfite addition recommendations based on wine type and pH levels.

Calculates the reduction potential of an electrochemical cell using the Nernst Equation. This equation relates the reduction potential of an electrochemical reaction to the standard electrode potential, temperature, and activities of the chemical species undergoing reduction and oxidation.

Calculates the boiling point elevation of a solution using the ebullioscopic constant, molality, and van't Hoff factor.

Calculates the effective nuclear charge (Zeff) experienced by an electron in an atom, taking into account the shielding effect of other electrons.

Calculates the pressure, volume, temperature, or number of moles of a real gas using the van der Waals equation of state.

This calculator applies the combined gas law to determine the final pressure, volume, or temperature of a gas, given its initial conditions and changes in two of the three properties (pressure, volume, and temperature). The combined gas law is expressed as: (P1 * V1) / T1 = (P2 * V2) / T2

Calculates the fractional surface coverage (θ) based on the Langmuir adsorption isotherm model, which describes the equilibrium between adsorption and desorption of a gas on a solid surface.

Calculates the relative rate of effusion of two gases using Graham's Law, which states that the rate of effusion of a gas is inversely proportional to the square root of its molar mass.