Calculators

Calculates the ionic strength of a solution based on the concentrations and charges of the ions present.

Calculates the mass of a substance deposited or liberated during electrolysis, based on Faraday's laws of electrolysis.

Calculates the electromotive force (EMF) of an electrochemical cell using the standard reduction potentials of the half-cells.

Calculates the entropy change for ideal gases under isothermal conditions and for chemical reactions using the Gibbs free energy formula.

Calculates the vapor pressure of water at a given temperature using various empirical formulas. The calculator provides results from the Antoine equation, the August equation, the Tetens equation, the Rankine equation, and the Clausius-Clapeyron equation. Note that these formulas are approximations and may have limitations in accuracy depending on the temperature range.

Calculates the vapor pressure of a substance at a given temperature using the Clausius-Clapeyron equation. This calculator helps explore phase transitions and thermodynamics.

Calculates the volume or number of moles of a gas at Standard Temperature and Pressure (STP). STP is defined as 0°C (273.15 K) and 1 atm pressure. This calculator uses the ideal gas law to perform these calculations.

Calculates the heat of combustion (energy released) from a combustion reaction given the mass of the substance burned and its specific heat of combustion.

Calculates the degrees of freedom (F) in a system using Gibbs' Phase Rule: F = C - P + 2, where C is the number of components and P is the number of phases.

Calculates the freezing point depression of a solution using the colligative properties formula. This calculator determines the change in freezing point when a nonvolatile solute is added to a solvent.