Calculators

Calculates the remaining amount of a substance after a certain period, given its initial amount and half-life.

Calculates the quantum yield of a photochemical process, which represents the efficiency of photon usage in initiating a specific reaction. It's the number of times a specific event occurs per photon absorbed.

Calculates the mass of a substance deposited or liberated during electrolysis, based on Faraday's laws of electrolysis.

Calculates the amounts of concentrate and water needed to achieve a specific dilution ratio.

Calculates the lattice energy of an ionic compound using a simplified Born-Landé equation. This calculator provides an estimate of the energy required to separate one mole of a solid ionic compound into gaseous ions.

Calculates the Index of Hydrogen Deficiency (IHD), also known as the Degree of Unsaturation, which indicates the number of rings and/or pi bonds in a molecule.

Calculates the entropy change for ideal gases under isothermal conditions and for chemical reactions using the Gibbs free energy formula.

Calculates the number of moles from the mass of a substance and its molecular weight.

Calculates the degrees of freedom (F) in a system using Gibbs' Phase Rule: F = C - P + 2, where C is the number of components and P is the number of phases.

Calculates the pressure or temperature of a gas under constant volume conditions using Gay-Lussac's Law (P1/T1 = P2/T2).