Calculators

Calculates the partial pressure of a gas in a mixture using Dalton's Law of Partial Pressures.

Calculates the vapor pressure of water at a given temperature using various empirical formulas. The calculator provides results from the Antoine equation, the August equation, the Tetens equation, the Rankine equation, and the Clausius-Clapeyron equation. Note that these formulas are approximations and may have limitations in accuracy depending on the temperature range.

Calculates the electromotive force (EMF) of an electrochemical cell using the standard reduction potentials of the half-cells.

Calculates the freezing point depression of a solution using the colligative properties formula. This calculator determines the change in freezing point when a nonvolatile solute is added to a solvent.

Calculates the percent yield of a chemical reaction, which represents the efficiency of the reaction. It compares the actual yield (amount of product obtained) to the theoretical yield (maximum possible amount of product).

Calculates the normality of an acid or base solution using titration data. This calculator is based on the principle of neutralization in acid-base reactions.

Calculates the pH of a buffer solution using the Henderson-Hasselbalch equation.

Calculates the average atomic mass of an element based on the masses and natural abundances of its isotopes.

Calculates the volume of stock solution needed to create a diluted solution of a desired concentration and volume using the formula C1V1 = C2V2.

Calculates the estimated Total Dissolved Solids (TDS) in water based on Electrical Conductivity (EC). TDS represents the total concentration of dissolved substances in water, typically expressed in parts per million (ppm) or milligrams per liter (mg/L).