Calculators

Estimates the water hardness based on the concentration of calcium and magnesium ions in the water.

Calculates the alligation ratios needed to mix two solutions of different concentrations to achieve a desired intermediate concentration.

Calculates the molar mass of a gas using the ideal gas law (PV = nRT), where molar mass (M) = mass / moles. This calculator rearranges the ideal gas law to solve for molar mass: M = (mass * R * temperature) / (pressure * volume).

Calculates the mass percentage of a component in a mixture.

Calculates the bond order of a molecule based on the number of bonding and antibonding electrons or from the number of bonds between two atoms.

Calculates the required amount of each substance in a mixture based on a given mixing ratio and total desired amount.

Calculates the normality of a solution, which represents the number of equivalents of solute per liter of solution.

Converts between moles, mass, and molecular weight.

Calculates the number of moles in a given mass of a substance using its molecular weight.

Calculates the activation energy of a chemical reaction using the Arrhenius equation. This calculator helps determine the minimum energy required for a reaction to occur.