Calculators

Calculates the magnification of an image produced by a lens or mirror, based on object and image distances.

Calculates the heat absorbed or released during a phase change (melting, boiling) at constant temperature (Q=mL).

Calculates the amount of heat required to raise the temperature of a substance, using its specific heat capacity (Q=mcΔT).

Calculates the volume or mass of fluid passing a point per unit time.

Calculates the ratio of useful output energy or power to the total input energy or power, often as a percentage.

Calculates gravitational potential energy based on mass, gravity, and height (PE = mgh).

Calculates the volumetric flow rate in liters per minute, given the flow volume and time.

Calculates acceleration based on change in velocity and time, or using force and mass (F=ma).

This calculator converts between different units of energy, including joules, microjoules, millijoules, kilojoules, and megajoules.

Calculates the local sidereal time (LST) based on Greenwich Mean Sidereal Time (GMST) and the observer's longitude.