Calculators

Performs a t-test (one-sample, two-sample, or paired) to compare means and determine statistical significance.

Determines the grade needed on a final exam/assignment to achieve a desired overall course grade.

Estimates how many items or boxes fit on a standard pallet or how many pallets are needed for a shipment.

Calculates the compressibility factor (Z) for a real gas, indicating its deviation from ideal gas behavior.

Calculates the Van't Hoff factor (i), which represents the number of particles a solute dissociates into in a solution. This factor is important in colligative properties calculations.

Estimates the appropriate number of fish to stock in an aquarium or pond based on its size and the fish's adult size. This calculator provides a general guideline; specific needs may vary depending on the species and individual fish.

This calculator compares the purchasing power parity of money between two countries. It determines the relative cost of goods and services in each country, allowing you to assess the real exchange rate and compare standards of living.

Calculates the effectiveness of a treatment in reducing the number of microorganisms by measuring the log reduction value.

This calculator helps you determine the alcohol concentration for homemade beverages, including wine, beer, and spirits. It offers safe dilution recommendations and mixing ratio calculations to track alcohol content accurately.

This calculator estimates the cooking time and internal temperature for different steak cuts, thicknesses, and doneness levels, providing temperatures in both Fahrenheit and Celsius.