Calculators

Calculates battery capacity (e.g., in mAh or Wh) based on voltage and charge/discharge characteristics.

Calculates the range of distance in a photo that appears acceptably sharp, based on focal length, aperture, subject distance, and sensor size.

Performs a Z-test to compare a sample mean to a known population mean or to compare two sample means when population variances are known.

Calculates the t-statistic, used in hypothesis testing when the population standard deviation is unknown. This calculator helps determine if the difference between a sample mean and a population mean is statistically significant.

Calculates a fielder's efficiency by dividing successful plays (putouts + assists) by total chances (putouts + assists + errors).

Calculates the capacitance of various capacitor configurations.

Calculates the shift in wavelength of light due to the Doppler effect or cosmological expansion.

Estimates the distance to galaxies based on their redshift (recessional velocity) using Hubble's constant.

Calculates the income tax payable based on the user's income and a given tax rate.

Calculates the amortization schedule for a loan, showing the breakdown of each payment into principal and interest.