Calculators

This calculator converts between various units of force, including Newtons, dynes, pounds-force, and kilogram-force.

Calculates the material removal rate (MRR) based on the volume of material removed and the machining time.

Calculates the bending stress in a beam based on applied moment, beam geometry, and material properties.

Calculates the volumetric flow rate in liters per minute, given the flow volume and time.

Calculates the diffusion coefficient using the Einstein-Smoluchowski equation.

Calculates the output voltage from a simple circuit that divides a source voltage across two resistors.

Calculates the shift in wavelength of light due to the Doppler effect or cosmological expansion.

Calculates the volume or mass of fluid passing a point per unit time.

Calculates the magnification of an image produced by a lens or mirror, based on object and image distances.

Calculates the angle of refraction of light as it passes from one medium to another, using Snell's Law. This law describes how light bends when it transitions between two different substances with varying indices of refraction.