Calculators

Converts torque or energy values from inch-pounds to foot-pounds.

Calculates the Gibbs Free Energy (ΔG) of a reaction to determine its spontaneity. A negative ΔG indicates a spontaneous reaction, a positive ΔG indicates a non-spontaneous reaction, and a ΔG of zero indicates equilibrium.

This calculator helps determine the right harness size for a dog based on its neck and chest measurements.

Converts a frame count into standard timecode format (HH:MM:SS:FF).

Calculates equivalent focal lengths considering sensor size (crop factor) or helps choose lenses.

Performs an F-test to compare the variances of two populations.

Measures or estimates the time taken to respond to a stimulus.

Calculates the energy of a single photon based on its frequency or wavelength (E=hf or E=hc/λ).

This calculator applies the combined gas law to determine the final pressure, volume, or temperature of a gas, given its initial conditions and changes in two of the three properties (pressure, volume, and temperature). The combined gas law is expressed as: (P1 * V1) / T1 = (P2 * V2) / T2

Calculates the electrostatic force between two point charges.